North and South Carolina

 

 

North and South Carolina were joined together as one at one point in time ;however, due to the grand distance between Charles Town, the main colony in the region, and Carolina it separated in 1729 renaming it "South Carolina" and "North Carolina". Both are royal colonies in which King Charles II of England looked after and awarded the land to the lord Proprietors the Province of Carolina who were eight noblemen in 1663 but later in 1729 the Lords Proprietors sold it back to England. The Indian populations in both regions were around 35 thousand people that roughly make up 30 tribes; some were Catawba, Cheraw, Cherokee, Machapunga, Moratok, Natchezz and many more. The soil was rich and great for planting tobacco, rice, and indigo, plant to make the color of clothing, these crops became fast cash crops. The Carolinas became the first to utilize rice as profit in any of the colonies.

In 1587 John White landed in North Carolina with about 120 settlers, it was the first English settlement in the 13 colonies. However, the colony led by White vanished suddenly, it is as if the land had swallowed them up, that colony is now considered the “the Lost Colony”. In 1655 Nathaniel Batts who was originally a Virginia Farmer found the first permanent settlement by mistake because he was looking for farmland. Sir John Yeamans in 1663 established the second permanent colony on the Cape Fear River which is near Wilmington. Also the main religion in North Carolina at the time was protestant.

South Carolina was founded in 1663 but wasn’t established till 1729 when the Province of Carolina sold it back to the king of England. South Carolina also became a barrier for the Spanish colonies as well did the North Carolina. The Indian population was similar to North Carolinas population, but during the late 1700s they received many African Americans to work on the plantations of tobacco, rice, and/or indigo and resulted as the majority of South Carolinas population. The first settlement was established in 1670 at Albemarle Point and the citizens were from Barbados as well as the governor William Sayle. In 1669 a Constitution of Carolina was created by John Locke which served a form of government for the Carolina colony.  The main religion for South Carolina was Baptist, Methodist, Catholic, and Jewish.

Pedro Cabral

           Pedro Cabral was born into a family that was part of the noble class; his homeland was Portugal boron in 1467-1528.  The king of Portugal who was Manuel I treated Cabral with respect and high honor; thus, it was no surprise that the king asked him to be in command of a crew and 13 ships to explore the New World. After preparing for the expedition he finally set sailed on March 9, 1500 to India. The only route that was recorded that went from Portugal to India was the one Vasco de Gama had constructed which was to sail southwest pass the gulf of Guinea. Cabral had spotted land and went to conjure the land for Portugal, he named it “Island of the True Cross”, hoverer, in modern times that island is now called Brazil.

After claiming the new land for Portugal he set sail to India to follow the original plan and trade goods in India. Cabral lost about four ships on his way to India, however, on September 13, 1500 arrived to Calicut, India. Zamorion a Muslim ruler gave permission to Cabral to trade Portugal’s good in the city of Calicut. There was a bit of fighting between Cabral and the other Muslim traders which ended with an ambush towards Cabral’s crew.  Cabral was extremely upset and he fought against the Muslims by capturing ten of their vessels and killing their crew.

After his attack towards the Muslins he fled to the Indian port of Cochin, which allowed him to trade Portugal’s goods such as spices. Cabral learned his lesson from the attack at Calicut that he kept to himself. All Cabral wanted was to finish loading all lasting six ships with the spices he attained from trading at Carangolos and Cananor. His expedition ended on June 23, 1501, the king was pleased with the outcome of the expedition. That was the first and last voyage Pedro Cabral would attend and expedition.

Pedro Cabral

            

               Pedro Cabral, 1467-1528, was an explorer, navigator, and nobleman, he originated from Portugal and he was heir to a long chain of service to the king. Cabral was privileged in the sense of education due to the fact that his family was noble which meant he would learn about physics, geometry, mathematics, astronomy, cartography, and different types of languages. The king at the time who was named Manuel I favored Cabral in which he was parsed with money, the counselor to the king, and also was appointed the military Order of Christ. The king entrusted and believed in Cabral, the king thought he could handle being in command of a crew and 13 ships for an expedition to a new world. King Manuel I of Portugal gave him the date of March 9, 1500 to set sail for the exploration to India, he would be on sea for almost two months before they sight land. Cabral took a route documented by Vasco de Gama, explorer earlier of his time, which indicated to sail southwest to pass the Gulf of Guinea. Once Cabral and his crew set sail and found the new land, he claimed the land for Portugal and named it “Island of the True Cross” even if there were individuals living on the island already. The island that Cabral discovered was actually not an island but a continent which in present day is called Brazil.

                   After staying on the “Island of the True Cross” for approximately ten days, he officially was going to sail to India; however, he was not prepared for what was to com. The voyage was not expecting to have a series of misfortunate events; it first began on May 29 of the same year when trying to go around the Cape of Good Hope which is the tip of Africa. There was 13 ships starting the voyage however after the trip around the cape Cabral was only left with nine ships, he lost four ships and also all the crew members that were abroad those ships. The nine ships left in the voyage set anchor on September 13, 1500 at Calicut, India in which Cabral was allowed to trade. Zamorin the Muslim ruler of Calicut welcomed Cabral and his crew and he was the one that allowed Cabral to establish the training post for Portugal.  During Cabral’s time in India there was fights with other Muslim traders, these brawls ended in a forkful attack by the Muslims for Cabral’s trading post which was on December 17, 1500. Cabral fought back as best as he and his men could; however, the Muslims had the advantage that many of the Portuguese were on the boat and could not help out their men. Cabral was furious, he retaliated against the city by bombarding Calicut, and capturing ten Muslim vessels and killing there crew.

                After his actions in Calicut he sailed for the Indian port of Cochin which was farther south than Calicut, in which the individuals there accepted him. Cochin permitted Cabral to put up a trading post to trade for important and precious spices. Cabral did not act the same as when he was in Calicut; he just traded and did not get into any brawls with the individuals on the land which helped him with his duty of the voyage. He loaded his six reaming ships with the spices he traded with; he had lost his three other ships in the fight with Calicut.  Cabral ported two more times before going back to Portugal on January 16, 1501 which was at Carangolos and Cananor and with those stops he completed his cargo. On his way back to Portugal there was another misfortune two of the remanding ships were sunk and Cabral would return to Portugal with only four ships. He arrived at Portugal on June 23, 1501 with the greetings of King Manuel I, he was pleased of what Cabral brought him even with the misfortunes. That would be the first and last voyage that Pedro Cabral would attend and be the head of the expedition.

The red line indicates going away from Portugal while the blue indicates the return.